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Financial Literacy Month

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November is Financial Literacy Month, an initiative of The Financial Literacy Action Group which is “a
coalition of seven organizations that work to assist and improve the financial literacy of Canadians.”
http://www.financialliteracymonth.ca/About-FLAG/

Watching some news the other morning while having breakfast, I saw a financial commentator discuss 3
simple financial questions to which Canadians have averaged 1.8 out of 3 correct answers. And trust me,
these were SIMPLE questions. But anyone who knows me knows that I will always acknowledge that
“you don’t know what you don’t know.”

That being said, there is no shame in not knowing what you don’t know. It is when you don’t know what
you should know that risk is increased. Here is a short quiz for you to take regarding your farm financial
literacy for the occasion of Financial Literacy Month.

1. Your current assets are MORE than your current liabilities. This means your working capital is
a. Negative
b. Positive
c. I don’t know

2. Your contingency fund (emergency cash) has a balance of $50,000 in a savings account earning
1% interest per year. If inflation is currently 2%, then the net real value (the buying power) of
your contingency fund after 1 year is
a. More than $50,000
b. Exactly the same as the start: $50,000
c. Less than $50,000

3. The tractor you bought last year for $200,000 can be sold today for $215,000. You’ve claimed
$30,000 in depreciation on that tractor, meaning it has a book value of $170,000. You’ve just
sold the tractor for $215,000, and now you will have a
a. $45,000 capital gain
b. $15,000 capital gain
c. $30,000 recaptured CCA
d. Both b) and c)
e. None of the above

4. My banker is always in a hurry to see my financial statements because
a. He’s looking for a way to increase my interest rates
b. They need to ensure I’m still a good credit risk
c. She’s trying to lend me more money

5. I’m a farmer; I don’t need to know all those ratios and analysis and stuff.
a. True
b. False

While these questions I’ve posed to you aren’t the simplest questions that everyone should know, they
will create a benchmark for you to get an idea of what you do know and where your mindset is. At the
end of the day, it is up to you to determine if and how you will tackle the imperative task of advancing
your farm financial management. In a bit of shameless self-promotion, I have developed a classroom
seminar titled Advancing Your Farm Financial Management.
https://fbdi.gov.sk.ca/LP_LearningActivityDetail.aspx?id=Q6UJ9A03H15A&area=Financial+Management

It is a one day commitment. It has been developed for the farm business owner who wants to take his
basic financial knowledge to an intermediate level. It has been approved for reimbursement under the
Farm Business Development Initiative. http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/GF2-FBDI

Course participants will learn what is important to their banker and why. They will develop an
appreciation for the risks all farmers face, plus the risks to their specific farm and how to mitigate those
risks. Each participant will go home having built the foundation of their own personalized financial
management plan. And the best part: lunch is on me!

Direct Questions

When it comes to financial jargon, the importance of financial management and how to use the
information, if you don’t know what you don’t know, who will you call for help?

I hear it is not uncommon to pay upwards of $10,000-$20,000 to your equipment dealer for them to go
through your combine to ensure everything is up to par. What is it worth to do the same for your farm’s
finances? Do you do it as often as you do for the combine?

From the Home Quarter

In a business with as much inherent risk as production agriculture, ignoring certain aspects of your
business increases risk exponentially. And whether that ignoring stems from a lack of interest or
understanding or time, the risk does not simply go away because it has little attention paid to it…in fact,
it grows. To create an analogy, ignoring risk is like ignoring a weed in your field: pay little attention to it,
it still grows; deal with it right away, and you increase your probability of a successful crop.

In the spirit of Financial Literacy Month, I challenge everyone to become more fluent in one new
financial term each week in November.

And for the answers to the quiz above, send me an email.

Our proprietary Farm Financial Analysis provides you with a straight-forward, easy to read report of
your farm’s financial position with focus on areas of strength, caution, and danger. Call or email for
more details.

trees

Knowing Your Costs – Part 3: “The Present vs The Future”

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As a proud member of the Rider Nation, and loyal fan of the entire CFL (despite the goofy new rules for
2015,) I witnessed something happen on the weekend that blew up social media and has fans of the
Green & White frothing.

The struggling winless Riders have been devastated by injury and lack-luster performances on field,
especially defensively. The order of the game plan each week seems to be “who can we plug where?”
One of the criticisms from fans is that there has been inadequate planning on behalf of management to
bring in the right new talent to provide appropriate solutions at time of crisis (like injury.)

While the business of football is a mystery to me, the business of business is not. Like a football team,
your business will face crises and you’ll need to adjust quickly. It doesn’t have to be personnel related
(like a football team;) it could be asset related (like equipment catastrophe) or market related (like a
major price decline) or anything. The knee-jerk reactions that are commonplace during times of crisis
rarely bode well for outcomes.

In the case of my favorite football team, the knee jerk reactions have been to sign different players to
the roster regularly. This is meant to fill the gaps left by injury, unsatisfactory performance, etc. This
knee-jerk reaction creates an air of constant uncertainty among the remaining players, and rarely brings
instant results because new players need time to learn the system, and gel with their teammates so as
to function as a unit when on the field. Wouldn’t it be better to have developed some younger players
and keep them on a practice roster? Players who would have learned the system since training camp,
and who are just itching to get on the field and show their stuff?

Similar to your business when you face crises, you could follow the lead of this football team and simply
run to the marketplace to buy another combine, rent more land, hire more people, apply more spray,
etc. The knee-jerk reaction would feel good in the short term because of the band-aid effect, but what
about the future? How has the knee-jerk decision affected your future profitability? Will the lease or
finance cost of that combine be affordable for the next 2-5 years? Will the extra land grow anything, or
will it be flooded out or ravaged with disease? Will your new hire fit in with your existing team and
culture? Will that extra spray increase or decrease your profit? Wouldn’t it be better to have given these
potential crises some consideration before the season started with some planning? With planning, you
would be prepared and then make a timely and informed decision. No more knee-jerk reactions.

The biggest issue with my favorite football team came to light during the last game this past Sunday. The
head coach pulled a young quarterback from the game after he threw an interception. The young QB,
who is 23 years old and fresh out of college, started the season as 3rd in line yet found himself in the #1
slot for the last number of games because of injury. By all accounts, this young man has the skills to be
the future leader of this team…in several years, not now. He needs time to learn, to enhance his skills
and his knowledge. The best way to enhance those skills is with real life experience. On Sunday, the
head coach regressed that young man’s growth by killing his confidence when he got benched for one
mistake. The coach made a knee-jerk decision that can, and likely will, have a detrimental effect on the
future of the team.

While the future of this football team weighs heavy on the fans enthusiasm right now, your business
doesn’t have to be this way. Whether it be a crisis in personnel, equipment, weather, or markets, the
preparation and planning you put in ahead of time will save you time, anxiety, and money.
How does this relate to knowing your costs? It comes from planning. Knowing your critical crisis cost
points from investing time and effort in your management will clearly indicate where you have
sensitivities and where you have breathing room. The sensitive areas, where your return on investment
is tight, require more strategy analysis to better prepare for crisis.

Critical Crisis Cost Points

Personnel

o Key person quits mid-season (do you have a successor on the team today?)
o Injury, serious or minor (do you have a documented safety plan, insurance coverage?)

Equipment

o Does your current equipment cost per acre have room for an increase should there be
an equipment crisis?
o Is your current equipment line deficient or excessive based on your productivity,
efficiency, and cost expectations?

Weather

o Are you prepared for hail or frost, drought or flood? (i.e. do you have sufficient working
capital to handle the loss of gross margin?)

Markets

o Do you know your Unit Cost of Production so you can hedge for a profit?

Direct Questions

What have you done to prepare for crisis on your farm? Will you be making a prepared and informed
decision or a knee-jerk reaction?

What are you doing to understand your costs on your critical cost points to accelerate your ability to
make informed decisions during times of crisis?

From the Home Quarter

The planning that goes into putting together a successful football season resembles the planning it takes
to put together a successful growing season on your farm. You put together the best game plan you can
based on the assets at your disposal, tangible or intangible. You prepare for quandary by building depth
into your game plan for your critical crisis cost points. Sometimes you best plans aren’t enough;
sometimes the dilemma is greater than you could predict or the results are more damaging than you
could imagine. No matter how you slice it, your best bet is planning and being prepared by drawing the
distinction between risking your future on a quick decision in the present, or taking the charted path
keeping the long term success of your business always in mind.

The head coach of the Riders got fired before I could finish writing this article. I expect it was partly
because he refused to take any accountability for the team’s struggles. He routinely made decisions in
the present with a lack of regard for his, or his team’s, future. He arrogantly stated in interviews that
he’s a great coach and will find work if he’s let go. His unwillingness to look within himself as the leader
ultimately cost him his job. As the leader of your farm, please don’t get caught in that same syndrome.
Your future depends on it.

excellence

Seeking Excellence

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This is a verbatim copy of Seth Godin’s daily blog from April 22, 2015:

Demand higher standards.

On a long flight a little while ago, I saw two couples watch movies while they let their six kids
run around like maniacs from take off to touchdown. A seven-year old actually punched me. (I didn’t return the punch).

A few days later, I saw the now-typical sight of kids in a decent restaurant eating french fries
and chicken fingers while watching a movie on a tablet.

And it’s entirely possible you have a boss that lets you do mediocre work, precisely whenever you feel like it.

I wish those kids had said, “Mom, Dad, raise your standards for me. I deserve it.”
And the sooner you find a boss who pushes you right to the edge of your ability to be excellent, the better.

Even if the boss is you.

I couldn’t help being captivated by this simple and direct message (Seth is famous for them.) In
agriculture on the Canadian Prairies, we’ve generally been just fine by being somewhere south of
excellent. We haven’t needed to be better in business because we use excellent production practices;
Canadian farmers are arguably the best producers in the world. We haven’t needed to be better in
business because money is cheap and easy to acquire; interest rates have never been lower and lending
terms continue to be very favorable. We’ve gotten away with being mediocre, or somewhere south of
excellent, in our business skills because “the average was just fine.”

We would be happy if every year we got average rainfall, average heat units, average weed pressure,
average yields, average prices, average input costs, etc. It would be easy to farm if everything was just
average.

But it’s not.

And if you’re average in your management of your business and all its risks, it is pretty tough to expect
excellent results. We’ve enjoyed a 7 year bull run on yields and prices which has permitted “average” to
disguise itself as “excellence.” Are we still comfy thinking that recent history is our new normal? I
listened to Dr David Kohl in person 4 years ago and he said then that these highs in yield and price are a
black swan, and not the new normal. “Normal” is “the average” and since the average has managed to
disguise itself as excellence over the last several years, what will happen when this black swan migrates
out of here?

When the black swan flies away and “normal” returns, “average” will not be sufficient. We will still be
excellent in production; we may still have cheap and easy access to money. As you read in Growing Farm
Profits Weekly on April 14, 2015, farming is a lot more than just production. And easy money is
dangerous when in the wrong hands. If there are no guarantees that Mother Nature will offer a growing
season to facilitate excellent production, it will take the excellent production practices for which we are
famous to just be average. That is “average” without its disguise.

As Seth wrote, the sooner you find a boss that pushes you to edge of your ability to be excellent, the
better. If you are your own boss, like you, like me, like all entrepreneurs, we must find a way to be
excellent.

Direct Questions

In what areas of your business is your proficiency less than excellent?

Have you greatly shifted the parameters of what you call “average?”

Considering all the risk you face each year as a farmer, can you afford to be anything less than excellent?

From the Home Quarter

The message here is not to suggest that anyone has intentionally done a poor job of running their farm.
What is being suggested is that the recent ag environment has permitted great success without
requiring excellence across all aspects of the business. I am supremely confident that will change, and
anything less than excellence through your entire farm will offer disappointing results.

graph10

 

 

 

 

 
*The Innovation Adoption Curve www.b2binternational.com

Excellence is a choice. Have your competitors already chosen excellence? When it comes to employing
excellence in business proficiency, you want to be on the left side of the curve above. I have a mentor
who helps me to be and stay excellent. My mentor has a mentor who does the same for him. It’s not
easy, but it’s worth it. As I’ve said, and will continue to say, “Do what you do best, and get help for the
rest.”

If you want more than average, call me. The Department of Excellence is open for business!

trees

Always Growing…Growing All Ways

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“Think of your business like a tree. What is a tree doing all the time? It’s growing. And if it’s not growing,
what is it doing? It’s dying. Your business is the same: if it’s not growing, it’s dying.”

I made this statement to a <2,000ac farmer at Canada’s Farm Progress Show in June 2014. He gave his
head a quarter turn with the slight tilt that indicated he thought I was nuts. Remember, this was still in
the period where Main Street of many small towns looked like a drag strip when word got out that there
was land for sale. Farm trucks from all over the area were burning rubber to get to the banker as fast
they could to get the loan and make the deal before anyone else. It was a period of “growth at all costs.”
His reply was, “I don’t want to grow. I’m happy with my land base as it is. My debts are almost gone,
why would I want to get back into debt? Then I’ve got to buy more equipment, hire some help!”

So I quantified my statement. “Growth doesn’t have to mean acres. There are many ways a business can
grow. If a farm can increase gross margins from better marketing, isn’t that growth? If a farm can
increase profits from better awareness of cost control and management of those costs, isn’t that
growth?” Reluctantly, he agreed.

Ever since the boom in ag took hold in 2007, farmers have increased acres and increased equipment
lines faster than ever. The truth of that statement can be read in the smile of every farm realtor and
farm equipment salesperson on the prairie. But why when we think of “growth” do we limit the scope of
our thinking to “size?”

graph5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase Operational Efficiency

This is purely process management. How can you make improvements to processes on your farm that
will increase overall efficiency? For example, on our farm we run a single shoot drill. In order to apply
the volumes of fertilizer that our agronomic plan requires, we need to cover the entire farm twice: once
with a fertilizer blend in a band, and a second pass with seed & the fertilizer blend for the seed row.
Increasing operational efficiency for us could be trading up for a double shoot drill (although I’d prefer a
triple shoot), using a larger cart to reduce the frequency of stopping to fill, add a liquid kit to the existing
drill, or even utilize the high clearance sprayer to apply liquid fertilizer later in the growing season. There
are more options, but you get the drift. Naturally, each option has pros & cons and must be evaluated
from a management perspective to measure cost versus benefit.

Increase Size and Scale

Bigger is better, right? Not always. Are you confident that your net profit per acre is linear? What I mean
by that is, if you currently enjoy a net profit of $75/ac on your 3,000ac, will your net profit per acre
change if you increase to 6,000ac? 7,500ac? 10,000ac? The answer is Yes, it will change. Net profit per
acre is not linear and if you haven’t created realistic and honest projections when considering scaling up
your farm size, you might be surprised at the end of the year.

I often get asked by people who grew up on small farms in the 60’s and 70’s about farm size and just
“how big is too big” when it comes to farming in current environment. Is it 5,000ac, 10,000ac, more? I
always answer the same way, “I can tell you exactly when a farm is too big. It’s the moment that a farm
has expanded beyond the owner’s management capability. For some that’s 400ac, for others that
40,000ac. It depends.”

Increase Gross Margin

This one is easy to identify, but not always easy to do. Easy to identify because this is where profitability
on your farm begins. Not always easy to do because there are many factors out of your control. But as
you’ll recall from Growing Farm Profits Weekly Issue #2, I won’t dwell on what we can’t control.
Focusing on what we can’t control is passive and it concedes that outcomes are beyond our control.
Plus, it’s total BS.
Increase your gross margin by doing one, or all, of the following:

  • Increase your yields and/or quality
  • Reduce the costs of your direct inputs (seed, chemical, fertilizer)
  • Increase realized prices for your crop

Reduce Costs

Beyond the direct inputs as described above, cost control is a major issue on a lot of farms today. It
begins first and foremost with knowing your costs. How much are you spending on equipment, hired
help, fuel, parts & repairs, interest, etc? These are all controllable costs, and if you haven’t had a handle
on them to date, the current environment of narrow margins dictate you better get on it soon.
Now I’m not suggesting that you eliminate these costs, because you can’t if you want to keep farming.
But knowing where you can “trim the fat” is critical, and it also relates to operational efficiencies.

Direct Questions

Have you limited your view of growth to only “size and scale?”

How many different growth metrics can you identify on your farm?

What is the threshold of your management ability? Have you exceeded it, or do you still have capacity to
expand?

If you reduced each of your controllable expenses by a mere 5%, how much would your net profit
change?

From the Home Quarter

Growth as it relates to business does not purely mean “get bigger.” Remember that the purpose of your
business is to increase wealth, and size does not have a direct correlation to wealth. Size is one factor,
but we must not ignore all the others. I believe in the mantra that “better is better before bigger is
better.” Growth can manifest itself many ways, and we must examine all ways to grow if we want to
always grow.

Planting the Seed

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Every spring, farmers take to the fields to begin planting. With careful agronomic planning and an
immeasurable amount of faith, farmers depend on a lot of factors going their way, 3 of which are
sunshine, moisture, and the farmer’s ability to nurture the crop.

Sunshine

The provider of light and heat, critical to plant growth & development, inadequate amounts of either
light or heat will delay plant development. Your business is no different. Your business requires
adequate sunshine – what provides the sunshine to your business? It’s you. As the owner, president, or
CEO, you are the source of light and heat in your business, and the light and heat you need to provide is
strategic leadership and management process. It is your vision, your ability to enact on that vision, and
the manner in which you lead that will have the greatest effect, positive or negative, on your business.

Moisture

Plant’s roots are trying to find it. Nutrients aren’t absorbed by the plant without it. All things being
equal, by and large throughout documented agricultural history (recent seasons of excess moisture
being the exception,) moisture has been the most limiting factor in crop production. The moisture in
your business is working capital. Working capital is often the most limiting factor in a farm business, and
access to adequate working capital will become a serious challenge in the future. Your business cannot
function without working capital, like your plants cannot function without moisture. Drop dead
minimum working capital needs to be 50% of your annual expenses, with the target being minimum
100%.

Nurture

You nurture your crop the best way you can. You fertilize using the 4 R’s (right source, right place, right
rate, right time), you apply herbicide and fungicide at precisely the right time, and you scout for disease,
bugs, weeds, etc. all growing season. You do all of this because you know that your efforts will grow a
better crop. And while you nurture your crop, don’t forget to nurture the rest of your business. Your
people, be they your staff, your family, and yes even you, need to be looked after as well as you look
after your crop.

Direct Questions

Are you, as the owner, president, or CEO, generating enough sunshine (strategic leadership &
management process) for your business? How are you determining if your sunshine is providing positive
results? If you’re not talking about this with your people and your advisors, start now; you can’t
diagnose yourself.

Are your moisture levels (working capital) adequate to carry your business through the year? Can you
get through unforeseen and unplanned draws on your working capital? If you have inadequate working
capital, what are you doing about it? Don’t wait until spring, take care of it now!

Are you nurturing your business, your people, and yourself, as well as you nurture your crop? The “offseason” is a great time to show appreciation to your staff, family, and yourself.

From the Home Quarter

Your business is like your crop. It requires constant attention. It requires quick action when situations
arise. And it is far easier to act fast if you’ve put the time into preparing contingencies. Your business
needs to be nimble and act fast when appropriate. Information is coming at us faster than ever, and in
greater volumes. Business happens at the speed of the internet, and knee-jerk reactions are rarely the
best business decisions you can make. Every year you put together a full crop plan; do you do the same
for your business?